Theme of Entrapment in The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper

Hands on work Report in Physical Geography Significance of hands on work in Physical Geography The way toward watching and gathering information about individuals, societies, topographic highlights and common habitats is considered as the field work. Field work is directed not just in the wild of our regular environmental factors yet in addition in the semi-controlled conditions of a lab or study hall. By and large, field work adds to assist scientists with collecting information about the individuals, species and dynamic spots encompassing them. It is the hands on work which empowers the understudies just as the analysts to inspect how the logical hypotheses communicate with reality. The significance of hands on work is huge in both the social and normal sciences. Sociologies manages financial matters or history and chiefly center around individuals, culture, and society while common sciences, for example, science or science, center around physical qualities of nature just as indigenous habitats. In this way, in physical topography hands on work is a standard technique which offers new understandings of physical wonders that can be gotten most plainly. Along these lines hands on work ends up being an exceptionally excited intends to acquire new understandings when joined with legitimate devices and methods related with other wide-extending mapping instruments in the geographic data science (GIS science) lab like land spread or land shape information just as advanced rise models got from satellite symbolism. Field work in Sundarban Sundarban is situated along the expense of Bay of Bengal in the southern piece of Bangladesh covering a territory of 272,510 hectares of which 139,500 hectors are in Bangladesh and the staying 133,010 hectares structure the Indian part. The Sundarbans (Bangladesh part) was assigned as a world legacy locales in 1997 by the UNESCO. The universes biggest mangrove Sundarbans comprise of three untamed life asylums (Sundarbans West, East and South) which are lying on disjunctive deltaic islands near the limit with India in the west of the principle outpouring of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna waterways. An unpredictable system of flowing conduits, mud pads and little islands of salt open minded mangrove backwoods converged these asylums. During elevated tides the territory is overwhelmed with salty water that blend in with freshwater from inland waterways. Alluvial stores here are topographically later and profound. The scene of Sundarban is dynamic in nature which is continually being changed because of the consolidated impact of the rainstorm downpours, delta development, flooding and flowing impact. Sundarban. the biggest mangrove woodland on the planet is a great case of a rich biodiversity and continuous environmental procedures. Also, Sundarban is distinguished on account of its broad scope of greenery, for example, Sundari (Heritiera fomes), Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), Goran (Ceriops decandra), Hetal (Phoenix paludosa), Kholshi (Aegiceras corniculatum), Passur (Xylocarpus granatum), Hargoja (Acanthus ilicifolius), Keora (Sonneratia apetala), Kakra (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), Kerpa (Lumnitzera racemosa), Nolkhagra (Phragmites australis) and so on however the woodland vegetation in the western Sundarbans isn't as differing as in the east in view of the bounty of saline conditions. In addition, the sunderbans of Bangladsh underpins biggest assorted variety of fauna including the well known Royal Bengal tiger, various types of fowls, various reptiles, and other imperiled species, for example, the estuarine crocodile and afterward Indian python. That is the reason Sundarban is a po sition of incredible enthusiasm for the specialists to lead field work. Spots of enthusiasm for Sundarban during the hands on work: Katka Katka is arranged at around 100 km from Mongla about 150km from Khulna city. It is considered as one of the most eminent spots in Sundarban, where one will see Spotted Deers and Royal Bengal Tiger. This delightful spot anyway was seriously harmed during the tornado SIDR. A lovely ocean sea shore is situated on the west of this point and this spot is all the more wild contrasting with Hiron point. Significant Attractions: Spotted Deer groups Jamtala watchtower to see natural life Relaxing Crocodiles Tiger spotting The Katka sea shore Proposed fieldworks: Soil test assortment from Kotka by exhausting. Residue assortment through â€Å"sediment trapper† close Kotka Assortment of water test. Dublar Char Dublar scorch is found 25 km southwest of Katka and 35 km southeast of Nilkamal (Hironpoint). This is basically known as the fisherman’s island. Significant Attractions: Various types of fish and crab Raash mela on November Neighborhood fish handling techniques Interesting geological highlights Proposed fieldworks: Colleting soil tests by exhausting and utilizing stone monument, Deciding the spot stature focuses, wind speed and flowing data, Information assortment of vegetation and biodiversity around there, Gathering water tests, Studying on the issues Prospects identified with fish drying segment. Karamjal Karamjal is arranged in the northeastern piece of Shundarban close to the Mongla port. It is 107 km away from Khulna city and is a critical eco-cliché spot. Significant Attractions: Relaxing Crocodiles reproducing ranch Monkeys Different agent plants of Shundarban Otter and Spotted Deer Proposed fieldworks: Colleting soil tests Soil tests , Gathering residue from the stream bed water test assortment Exercises during the hands on work The excursion for Shundarban began in the first part of the day of ninth November 2013 at 8.30 am. The hands on work began by gathering â€Å"soil sample† through â€Å"boring† assortment of â€Å"sediments† by â€Å"sediment trapper† and water test assortment close kotka in tenth November, 2013 and finished it by visiting Karamjal place of interest and gathering of silt from that point in thirteenth November, 2013. The everyday depiction of exercises during the hands on work is given beneath:- Day-1 (10.11.13) Visited the Jamtala watchtower at Katka to see astounding natural life Visited the delightful Katka sea shore Gathered dregs by â€Å"sediment trapper† Gathered water test. Day-2 (11.11.13) Considered the dirt profile of Dublar Char (east side) to recognize the Sedimentary Sequence dependent on Litho-stratigraphic Survey. Water test gathered by Hydrological review. Estimated the biodiversity and recognized by vegetation overview. Recognized and decided the spot tallness focuses by leveling review. Estimated the breeze speed wave by GEOTIMED bunch review. Watched and gathered data of human affordable exercises concentrating on the individuals identified with the dry fish industry of Dublar Char by FGED bunch Questionnaire review. Gathered waterway bed silt by â€Å"sediment trapper† Day-3 (12.11.13) Visited the West side of Dubler scorch. Gathered data of human prudent exercises concentrating on the individuals identified with the dry fish industry of Dublar Char by FGED bunch Questionnaire study. Orchestrated a Cultural program a Feast. Day-4 (13.11.13) Visited Karamjal. Gathered soil test from Karamjal. Orchestrated a conventional Viva test by fair educators. Significant Challenges Hands on work in Sundarban end up being a very troublesome undertaking from numerous points of view. Some significant difficulties that we made sense of during the hands on work can be expressed as following: Difficulties during the investigation of soil profiles and lithological Survey: . The example got somewhat upset while setting up the profile as the dirt was somewhat friable. Loss of soil while tidying up profile Nearness and leakage of water in the examination site.( From close by water body) The dirt example gathered by the check sampler test got somewhat upset. Human instigated issues and specialized mistake while gathering soil test. Difficulties during the investigation of Wave Wind estimation and hydrological review: Confronting troubles during the plotting of the GEOTIMED gadget. Human instigated inconveniences and specialized mistake during wind speed estimation. Extraordinary time utilization during the overview . Inadequate assortment of information. Difficulties during the investigation of Biodiversity Vegetation review : Danger of assault by tigers. Network development was upset by Dense estate and discouraged the work. It was tedious procedure to find every matrix. Distinguishing proof of species was very troublesome.

Racial Identity Development Personal Essay †Sociology Paper

Racial Identity Development Personal Essay †Sociology Paper Free Online Research Papers Racial Identity Development Personal Essay Sociology Paper My name is Hakyoon Anfo. I am multi year olds and I am Korean. I simply move 3 years back. As a matter of fact I experienced childhood in Korea, so I can not talk in English. I did what I need to do when I was in Korea on the grounds that there are 100% unadulterated Koreans live in Korea and I am male, so no one consideration what I need to do. I was the prevailing gathering of majority,sexuality and the greater part of classes, however it totally changed. After I move here, I was unable to be greater part or prevailing gathering any longer. There are four classes of Identity improvement which are the White racial, Minority racial/Ethnic, Black racial and Biracial Identity advancement. (Poston) I am having a place with minority racial/ethnic character improvement, so I don't have numerous hindrances than local conceived or white individuals. One of inconveniences is overlooking or ridicules me when I ask something to local conceived individuals. That happen makes me awkward. My father additionally had one of burden happen last time. As a matter of fact past proprietor utilized that warmer, and he never utilized radiator which is in his office, yet ‘Puget sound energy’ charged my father to pay past installment. As indicated by one of my math colleague Sun-Jae stated, â€Å"I had drawback on purchasing my car!† Sun-Jae went to vendor to purchase his vehicle, and he didn't get any benefit and afterward they charged him to pay high intrigue and assessment, yet he didn't think about that since he was unabl e to talk in English around then. Additionally one of my schoolmates Josh said that he saw some awful circumstance that Asian his companions can not go inside the club since they are simply Asian. I have a few focal points as well. It doesn't make a difference who is white or Asian or whatever other race individuals. Male can stroll around the road or grounds during the evening. That is the thing that I did when I was in Korea as well. Another favorable position is my folks permit me to meet young lady companion, even my mother love to see my young lady companion, however my folks never permit let my sister have or meet any beau. I consider most guardians need their little girl not to meet beau. Indeed I have numerous drawbacks than what I have advantage after I move here. I learned 4 classifications of racial character improvement and 4 phases of every classification. Particularly I retained minority racial/ethnic class, however I don't think I changed my public activity decidedly. I knew all the data that I can change my public activity however it is extremely difficult to defeat social clash among Korea and the United States. I am continually reminding those stages yet now and again I simply lost my explanation when minority circumstance came up to me, however now, route better than anyone might have expected I take this Intra America History class. It will be better and better so on. â€Å"It’s consistently been like this, and it generally will† (Johnson, 142). This is one of his Myths in his section entitled: â€Å"What can we do?† I can't help contradicting a few pieces of his words and I absolutely concur with certain pieces of his words. I don't care for this section it’s consistently been like this, and it generally will. Do we need to release it same as what it did? I think we need to change in the event that we can. Everything is process, the space between one point and another, the development from one thing toward another, much the same as this century likewise one of venture for what's to come. I absolutely concur with Johnson’s contend. There are such a significant number of various racial individuals or gatherings on the planet, and they have diverse culture and customs every one of them. So there are numerous issues, strife between one another. The Johnson’s second Myth is Gandhi’s mystery and the legend of no impact, this fantasy story’s point is extremely comparative with Korean Proverb. â€Å"If individuals in one joined body, they will endure however on the off chance that they separate by every single one of them, they will die† (Korean maxim). That implies on the off chance that we regard every one of various racial individuals or gatherings, we could live flawless world that doesn't have ‘ism’. So we should quit holding up wonderland and we should change our predetermination. Research Papers on Racial Identity Development Personal Essay - Sociology PaperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Hockey GameResearch Process Part OneCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room implications

Promotion Announcement Examples and Writing Tips

Promotion Announcement Examples and Writing Tips © Shutterstock.com | fotogestoeberThere are a lot of milestones in one’s life that are so momentous they deserve a separate acknowledgement, for the person going through that milestone or achievement to take pride in and make an announcement to inform everyone about it. For some, it could be the announcement of an engagement, or an upcoming wedding. Proud parents will no doubt make an announcement about how their firstborn is celebrating his first birthday and, later, when the child earns an award or recognition at school.In the workplace setting, there are also a number of events in one’s career that are worth talking about and, quite probably, the most obvious one is a promotion.A promotion can mean a lot of things to an individual, depending on his priorities. It denotes a movement up the career ladder, leading the person a step (or a rung) closer to the higher position that he has been aiming for. Along with that rise is an elevation of his status or the esteem he gets from others in the workplace or in the industry.A promotion is also seen as a means of improving one’s economic status, since it comes with a corresponding increase in his salary or benefits â€" both monetary and non-monetary. As his position in the company goes higher, so will the perks that will be given to him.In contrast, the promotion may also mean a shift, transfer or transition, especially when the person will be promoted to a higher position in another office or department. He may find himself having to report to a different supervisor and working with different employees, in an entirely new environment. It is also a given that the promotion comes with more tasks and duties and, most definitely, heavier responsibilities.A promotion is not something that affects only one person (the one who is promoted at work) or only one department of an organization or company. It also affects the people he will be working with in his new position, and those that he will be leaving behind in his old position, as they will try to find ways to cope without him, in the interval where the position he left remains vacant.As such, there is a need to inform everyone â€" in a formal or official manner â€" about the promotion, and this is done through a promotion announcement.THE PROMOTION ANNOUNCEMENTAn employee promotion announcement is exactly what the phrase describes: it is a formal document announcing the promotion of an employee. Actually, this document is basically in the form of a letter, which is why it is also often referred to as a “promotion announcement letter”.In many cases, especially in small companies with a workforce numbering to around a dozen, news of promotions can be relayed in meetings, or by simple postings in bulletin boards. It becomes a different story when we’re talking about larger operations, or in bigger companies with a relatively bigger number of staff members. It is in these instances where making a formal announcement â€" in writing â€" is generally preferred.The purpose of a promotion announcement letter is to provide information about a promotion and, in this particular case, there are two clear intentions in preparing this letter.To inform the employee that he or she is being promoted to a higher position within the company; andTo inform other members of the organization and all other stakeholders about the promotion.The rationale behind the second intention is simple, really. It is a common courtesy for the department or division where the employee is currently working in to be informed that one of their people will soon be moving out, so they can take proper corrective action to adjust to his absence without the work getting affected too much.Those who are in the department that the employee will be moving into also deserve to be informed of the new addition to the staff, or even about the fact that they will have a new supervisor coming in. That way, they can prepare accordingly to accommodate the newly promo ted employee, ensuring a smooth transition of work and responsibilities.The use of a promotion announcement is applicable to all types of organizations where job promotions take place. Government offices make these sorts of announcements. Commercial and retail companies prepare announcements regarding promotions. Regardless of the nature of the organization, or its operations, composing employee promotion announcements are expected, and actually even encouraged.Learn about why people are getting promoted. WRITING THE PROMOTION ANNOUNCEMENTJust as there are some things to be mindful of when writing other types of business letters and documents, there are also various considerations when coming up with an employee promotion announcement.The ContentDepending on the culture and custom of an organization, a promotion announcement letter may take on various forms, including the content. It is a given that the name of the company and the date the letter is prepared appear on the face of th e letter. Usually, the company name may appear in the form of the company logo or letterhead. However, there are other basic details and information that must be included in any promotion announcement.A promotion announcement letter must have the following elements:Name of the employee being promoted. This is considered to be the most important element, since he is the person being promoted, and the one being informed of the promotion.Current (and soon-to-be former) designation or position title. This is one way to make it clear that the employee is moving from a lower position to a higher one. If the promotion entails transferring to another division or department within the same company, do not forget to include the division, unit, or department that his current position belongs to.New or promoted designation or position title. Similarly, do not forget to include the division, unit, or department it belongs to, if it is in one different from the current work location of the employ ee being promoted. Also, include a short summary of the old role, functions, tasks and responsibilities of the employee in his previous position.Effective date of promotion. Include the relevant dates of the upcoming changes, specifically the date when the new employee will have to report to his new post or office. This is so the promoted employee, and the other employees whose work will be impacted by the promotion, can be more prepared for the change.Tasks, duties and responsibilities under the new or promoted position. Highlight what the new role of the promoted employee entails. If there are specific projects or undertakings that will be assigned to him, mention it in the letter. If the new position is supervisory, it is even more imperative to mention that, in order to clear up any expectations on what the new role entails. Not only will this inform the promoted employee what to expect in his new position (so he can also prepare accordingly), but it will also provide the other employees a glimpse of what the promoted employee will be doing. It is highly likely that many employees within the organization are still unaware of who does what in the company, and the promotion announcement is another opportunity to provide that clarity. Make a clear connection between the new role of the promoted employee and the strategic goals of the company. It is all right to set high expectations; the promotion certainly requires the employee to live up to them.A note of congratulations or welcome to the promoted employee to his new role and in his new workplace or department, if applicable. Express support for the employee and confidence in his abilities as he takes on his new role.In other cases, the promotion announcement may also include the following:An acknowledgement of the employee’s hard work or qualifications that led to him earning the promotion, citing specific accomplishments that made him or her stand out during the evaluation and selection for promotion. T his is to address any doubts or questions that other employees may have on why that particular person was given the promotion.Key background information, particularly on education and certifications, of the promoted employee, to justify his promotion.If the letter is also addressed to outside clients and other external parties, an explanation on how they may come in contact with the promoted employee.Some tips when it comes to writing the content of the employee promotion letter:Make sure you get all the facts straight and accurate, especially when it comes to the proper nouns, such as the names and job titles, addresses, division/unit/department names, and the like. Confirm details with the appropriate parties if there is something you are unsure about.Check, double-check, triple-check spelling, particularly of names and job titles. Again, confirm when necessary.Do not write a novel. Be concise and succinct. Cut out all the fat and fillers and leave only the relevant information or details. You want to bring the message of the promotion across as quickly as possible, and not in a long and meandering manner.The ToneThere is one absolute rule with regards to the tone that the employee promotion letter should take: keep a professional tone throughout the letter.It is all right to be congratulatory in the letter, especially if the promotion is something that management deems is well-deserved and long overdue. However, there has to be a clear line between making the letter sound too celebratory and too nonchalant about the promotion. It should strike a balance: be congratulatory, but keep it professional. Don’t go over the top, but don’t be too stingy with it, either.What is the danger when this rule is not followed?If the letter is too effusive in giving its congratulations, other employees may interpret it as indicative of management’s favoritism, so they will be inclined to think that the promotion was made with a skewed or biased view. Some employees may end up feeling envious or jealous of the newly promoted employee, resulting to tension or strain at work and, worse, affecting how they will work together.If, on the other hand, the letter is too sparing in offering congratulations to the point that it comes across as too glib or non-committal, it takes away the excitement of the promotion. For many employees, a promotion is a special event and definitely something to celebrate, and for the news to be handed out coldly or without feelings, that would totally defeat the very essence of an employee promotion announcement.Here are some more tips when dealing with the tone of the promotion announcement.Be informative. Never forget that the main purpose of the announcement letter is to inform. More than offering your congratulations or listing down the many reasons why the employee deserved the promotion, the first order of business should be to provide the details about the promotion.Always begin the letter on a positive note, and the best way to do that is to open it with the good news about the promotion. The first sentence should immediately provide a clear indication of what the letter or announcement is all about. If you start it with an explanation or an enumeration of the positive traits of the employee, the readers may be confused as to its purpose until they reach the end of the letter.Observe proper etiquette and use appropriate words and phrases. This is to maintain a professional tone in the letter. Use the proper salutations, depending on the target recipients of the announcement. For instance, high-profile promotions usually have to be announced to external stakeholders and clients, so include them in the salutation.Inject some enthusiasm or excitement when making the announcement, and avoid being too formal as to be staid and gloomy. The letter should be able to convey management’s confidence in the promoted employee, particularly on his ability to do the job and deliver what is expected of him i n his new role. This is also an opportunity to show the promoted employee that he has the support of management as he takes on his new role.There are some instances where preparers of the promotion announcement take liberties with the tone. For example, a relatively small company addressing the announcement to the members of the organization or of a specific team within the company may opt to adapt a slightly informal tone. There is nothing wrong with that, as long as it doesn’t go over the top and start sounding overly enthusiastic.At the end of the day, the tone of the employee promotion announcement will largely depend on the recipient. However, it is important to never lose sight of the fact that it ought to remain professional to a certain extent, which means that the variability will be limited to the degree of formality that will be injected into the overall tone of the announcement letter.The FormatWhether the promotion announcement is delivered through a physical letter o n paper or through email sent via the company’s local area network, the formatting should stick to the basic rules of business letter writing.Observe standard business letter writing formatting rules. Never forget that the employee promotion announcement is a formal letter and, thus, should adhere to professional standards of writing business letters or communication. Since the announcement emanates from the company, it makes sense to format it similarly to a company memo, using the company letterhead or logo to add a touch of professionalism. Use business paper, the same ones used in official and formal communications and correspondence of the company with clients, customers and partners.Make sure it is legible or readable. Granted, it will be written using a computer or word processor, but that is not a 100% guarantee when it comes to readability.Observe proper spacing between paragraphs. This is to give it a clean and relaxed appearance. The announcement is supposed to bring go od news, not to annoy the readers with its poor formatting.Break the parts down into smaller paragraphs. Avoid making the announcement one or two large blocks of text that will turn readers away from finishing reading the whole thing.Mind your punctuations. Many disagreements have arisen due to erroneous punctuation marks used in business letters and documents.Make sure all the signatories have signed off on the letter. It is possible that the person who actually wrote the letter is not the one authorized to sign it. Before sending it out, make sure that it is duly signed by the owner, supervisor, or member of management authorized to sign it. This is the final stroke in making the announcement official.Keep it to a single page, as much as possible. In fact, make it a rule to keep it to one page only. This will be beneficial, especially if you are planning on having the announcement published, where a longer and bigger space is likely to cost a lot of money.Formatting is still requi red even if the announcement is to be transmitted electronically, via e-mail or the company’s internal network message board, if any.Prior to submitting it for final signature and delivery to the recipient, or even release to the press for publication, make sure to proofread the announcement letter for spelling and grammar. It never hurts to repeatedly do a spell and grammar check, since it will ensure the quality and integrity of the announcement letter.EXAMPLES OF PROMOTION ANNOUNCEMENTSThe internet provides a wealth of sources for those who are looking for templates or samples of promotion announcements. There are even downloadable templates that require you to fill in the blanks, do a bit of customization, then you’re done!The employee promotion announcement may be as long or as short as management, the Human Resource Manager, or any key personnel tasked to write it wants it to be, for as long as the basics are covered.Here are a couple of examples to get you started.Sample 1:To:  InfoTech Staff and ClientsSubject:  Promotion Announcement â€" Hugh Gough  Ladies and Gentlemen:It is with great pleasure that I am announcing the promotion of Hugh Gough as one of the new Marketing Directors of InfoTech. Hugh has been with InfoTech for close to ten years, painstakingly climbing the ranks with his dedication and commitment to his work. Three out of those ten years were spent as a marketing manager, where he has shown exemplary performance, as shown in the annual sales and customer retention reports. Hugh has always shown initiative in the performance of his duties, even going above and beyond what is expected of him, in order to ensure that InfoTech delivers quality customer service while producing the expected outputs, well before their respective deadlines. We expect this same level of dedication and commitment to be applied in his new position as one of the heads of the Marketing Department.As a Marketing Director, Hugh will be more closely involved in the formulation of marketing plans, with particular focus on the two biggest projects of InfoTech â€" the Deuz Project and the highly anticipated MegaWide Project, a five-year undertaking expected to launch in the coming year. Of course, these are on top of any other concurrent marketing projects requiring his marketing expertise and leadership.Let us all congratulate Hughon this promotion, and wish him luck for all his future undertakings.Regards,AngelStoneHuman Resources Manager, InfoTechSample 2:Subject Line:  Hugh Gough, Marketing DirectorWe are pleased to announce the promotion of Hugh Gough as one of the new Marketing Directors of the Corporate Marketing and Communications department of InfoTech. Hugh joined InfoTech a little over ten years ago, holding positions in the Sales and Logistics Departments over his stint with the company. Hugh brings his extensive expertise and experience in Sales, Advertising and Marketing to his new role in the Marketing and Communications Departmen t, and we are excited to see where he will lead the department â€" and the company â€" in his new position.Please join us in welcoming Hugh to the Marketing and Communications Department, and in congratulating him on the promotion. Regards,Angel StoneHuman Resources Manager, InfoTech

The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Purchase Behavior - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3286 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Advertising Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? It can be said that advertising is a subset promotions in the marketing mix decisions and promotions put simply involves the mass communication of the product offering to the target market (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Other than the obvious reason of persuading customers to make purchases, it is imperative to promote the product offering in order to create an image of the product which becomes one of its differentiating factors (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Furthermore the promotion of a product offering is important to reinforce the information the customers already have about the product (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Purchase Behavior" essay for you Create order As mentioned earlier, advertising is one of the components of promoting a product offering and thus it is defined as the paid presentation and promotion of products or services through mass media such as television, radio, newspapers and the internet(Doyle and Stern, 2006). Traditionally, advertising is carried out on the television, radion and in newspapers however disruptive technology like the internet and the phenomena it has made possible has changed advertising and the effect it can have on consumers particularly where it concerns their purchasing decisions (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Illustrating this point, Google and Facebook have created new environments which are part of the networks to which the planet belongs and which operate at break-neck speed (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Furthermore, the internet and social networks have also changed the way individuals communicate such that advertisements do not inherently have to be paid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a good re view from one consumer to a group of others can be all the advertisement that a company would need (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). In addition to this, advertisements can now be interactive in such a way that the information on the product passed on to the consumer is more targeted and customised (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Thus this paper will be exploring the impact of online advertisements on consumer purchasing behavior first by outlining the theories of how advertising works, then examining the effects online advertisements on consumer purchasing behaviour . How Does Advertising Work? There has been considerable debate on how advertising works however the general consensus has been that there can be no single all embracing theory that explains how all advertising works because they have varied tasks (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). For example advertising that attempts to make an instant sale by incorporating a return coupon that can be used to order a product is very different from corporate image advertisements that is aimed at reinforcing attitudes (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Nevertheless, the competing views on how advertising works are the strong theory of advertising and the weak theory of advertising (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" both theories are based on how they affect customers and their end results. The strong theory follows that a customer passes through the stages of AIDA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" awareness, interest, desire and action. This theory argues that advertising is strong enough to increase publics knowledge and change their attitude and as a result it is capable of persuading new customers to purchase a brand (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013)). This is called the conversion theory of advertising: non-buying customers are converted to buyers(Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The product has been criticised on two grounds; one there is little evidence that consumers experience a strong desire before making a purchase because in cases of inexpensive product a customer could very well purchase a brand on a trial basis without any strong conviction that the brand is superior (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The second criticism is that the theory ignores what happens after action as advertisements in mature markets also targets already established customers of the brand (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The weak theory follows that a customer passes through awareness, trial and reinforcement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ATR (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). This ATR model or theory is widely supp orted in Europe with Ehrenberg (cited by Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013) explaining that advertising can work exactly the way the ATR model theorises as there is no need for strong emotions like desire and conviction before a first purchase is made. It could simply be a purchase for trial followed by reinforcements. Consumer Purchase Behavior Theory Consumer behavior is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Solomon and Bamossey, 2006, p6). Schiffman and Kanuk (2007, p3) also take a similar approach defining consumer behaviour as the behavior that customers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of goods and services they expect will satisy them. Early economists led by Nicholas Bellouni, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern started to scrutinise the foundation of consumer making decisions (Richarme 2007). They approached the topic from an economic standpoint and focused only on the act of purchase and the most predominant model from this viewpoint is the Utility Theory (Richarme, 2007). The Utility Theory viewed consumers as entirely rational and self interested making their purchase decisions based upon the ability to maximise their use of their desired product whilst expending minimum effort (Richarme 2007). Another approach to consumer purchase theory is the psychodynamic approach which; the key tenet is that consumer behavior is determined by biological drivers rather than individual cognition or environmental stimuli (Bray 2008). Perhaps the most widely cited is the cognitive approach which views the consumer as an information procession (Ribeaux and Poppleton, 1978) who actively seeks and recieves environmental and social stimuli as informational inputs which subsequently aids decision making (Bray 2015). Sheth et al (1991) propose that there are five consumption values influencing consumer purchase choices. The values are functional value, conditional value, social value, emotional value and epistemic value (Sheth et al, 1991). Three fundamental propositions are obvious in the proposed theory and these are: Consumer choice is a function of multiple consumption values (Sheth et al, 1991). The consumption values make different contributions in any given consumer purchase choice (Sheth et al, 1991). The consumption values are independent (Sheth et al, 1991). Online Advertisements and Its Impact on Consumer Purchasing Behavior The beginning on online advertising was in 1994 when Hot Wire sold the first ad banner on their companys website (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). By year 2000 online advertising spending in the United States had reached $8.2 billion dollars with these numbers increasing to $12.7 billion as more people are connected to the internet and spend more time online (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). This is a clear sign that online advertising has developed quickly in the last decade. Some of examples of online advertisements includes floating ads, expanding ads, wallpaper ads, trick banners, pop-ups and pop-unders (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). Now these are the ones instigated by marketers or producers themselves. This paper however puts forward that if advertising (online advertising being no different) is a method of mass-communicating product benefits then online word of mouth or reviews may be considered as an additional method of online advertising albeit the marketers or producers would have very littl e control as to how such reviews are presented. Online Reviews Research has shown that consumer opinion and recommendations actually count towards purchase decision because product review allows consumers to get a feel for the product without making a trial purchase (Murphy, 2015). Recommendation sources according to Andreasen (1968) have a typology as follows: impersonal advocate (mass media), impersonal independent (consumer reports), impersonal advocates (sales clerk) and personal independents (friends) (Senecal and Nantel, 2004). Sencal and Nantel (2004) also report that consumers indicated that for their next purchase of durable goods they would be using first their personal independents as sources of recommendation. This plays directly to customers need for information. Whilst customers could research products through search engines such as Google and Bing. It is never quite like having a first hand account from an unbiased user of the product. Statistics have shown that 80% of online shoppers would change their minds based on online reviews (Murphy, 2015). Supporting this is the fact that in a study carried out in India of the influencers of online purchase decisions, 93% of the respondents indicated that they considered online word of mouth much more reliable than all the other sources of information including the typical online ads (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). Thus it would logically follow that having bad reviews would correlate with poor sales whereas good reviews would mean good sales (Murphy, 2015). A case in point is the sale for a t-shirt on Amazon which shot up a staggering 2300% in 2009 after a joke review for the T shirt went viral on the the internet (Murphy, 2015). Till date the t-shirt which features three wolves howling at a full moon has garnered over 2000 reviews (Murphy, 2015). Another example is a study which showed that the biggest influencer for holiday shopping recommendations was from friends and family on social media with 63% swayed by Amazon reviews and 24% were from blogger endorsemen ts (Morrison, 2014). Social Media/Social Networks Directly related to online reviews where it concerns online advertising are social networks which could be considered as the platform through which online reviews are exchanged albeit they should be considered separate elements and influencers (Morrison, 2014). Social network platforms such as Facebook which grew by 22% between October 2011 and November 2011 and Youtube which grew 67% percent between the same time frame are the new age medium of online advertising reaching millions of people at a go (Darban and Li, 2012). A study carried out between 2013 and 2014 found that 64% of respondents were convinced of what holiday gift to purchase by a social medium. Social media appears to be so effective that there is at least one social medium guiding consumers through their path to purchase. For example, 58% of respondents to the aforementioned study used Pinterest to find ideas and inspiration, 60% use Facebook to seek promotion whilst 48% share the the purchases they have made on Fac ebook inspiring others to also make purchases (Morrison, 2014). To this end, 11 out of 12 respondents confirmed that they have made purchases as a result of interacting with the producers on social media or interacting with their peers on social media and getting a sort of first hand advertisement of the product online (Darban and Li, 2012). In addition consumers have also indicated that they are able to communicate directly with producers via social media thus speeding up the purchase process as they also indicated that the length of time it sometimes takes to get the information they need from producers can put them off buying the product in the first instance (Darban and Li, 2012). General Online Advertisements In a study carried out on the effects of online advertisements on consumer buying behaviour of branded garments in Pakistan(Afzal and Rabbani Khan, 2015), it was interestingly discovered that there is no direct effect of online advertisements on the buying decisions of branded garmets whereas it was found that there is a significant indirect effect of online advertisements on consumer buying decisions because of advertising characteristics and consumer attitudes (Afzal and Rabbani Khan, 2015). Conversely, in another study carried out it was found that contrary to the the discovery of the study in Pakistan there was a direct link between online banner advertisements and the making of purchases or purchase decisions (Li and Leckenby, 2004) . Interesting another study showed that revenue garnered as a result of online banner ads (which attracted the most revenue) were on a high from 1998 when 56% of revenue made by the respondent company were from online banner ads. However, by the ye ar 2001 these numbers had began falling until 2003 when it was only at 21% (Li and Leckenby, 2004). These studies did not give the reason as to the decline banner ads generated revenue. However the study in Pakistan had reported that consumers seemed to place more stock on word of mouth such as online reviews and a large percentage of the revenue generated by the participating companies were from loyal customers and refferrals (Afzal and Rabbani Khan, 2015). These go back to reiterate the points of discussion in the previous section of this paper as to the effectiveness of social media platforms and online reviews as a method of marketing. Thus it would appear that other methods or forms of online advertisement do not perform as well as social media platforms and online word of mouth it terms of being revenue generators. The logical question to ask then is why this is so? The answer is not far-fetched and probably lies in the results of a study carried out on consumer perception of online advertisements (Priyanka, 2012). The options provided were entertaining, informative, irritation, credibility, interactivity and purchase. The respondents to these study were further adjusted for age in order to get a clear picture as to the age range of consumers and their perspective (Priyanka, 2012). Of the 100 respondents to the study, irrespective of age, 22 found online advertisements informative, 18 found them irritating whilst 18 respondents have made purchases because of online advertisements (Priyanka, 2012). Of those the respondents who made purchases 6 were between the ages of 41-50 whilst 5 respondents were of the older than 50 age group (Priyanka, 2012). In addition a very small percentage of this age group found online adverts credible which could mean that perhaps if they percieved online adverts as more credible they could be looking to making more purchases (Priyanka, 2012). Surprising this age group also found online adverts less irritating but also less informative (Priyanka, 2012). This could logically be reasoned to be as a result of the fact that most purchasers of this age actually want more information before they make purchases and are willing to suffer through online advertisements perhaps because they are not skilled in surfing social media platforms to gain more information of the product (the study also showed that only a very small percentage of the above 50 age group do not surf the internet or engage in online window shopping) (Priyanka, 2012). Thus it would appear that forms of advertisement other than social media and online word of mouth walk a tight rope of being irritating and putting the consumer off thereby having a negative impact on consumer purchasing decisions. Other Forms of Advertisements and its Impact on Consumer Purchase Behavior In a study of 175 respondents carried out by Iqbal et al (2013) to determine the relationship between brand perception, advertising and consumer purchase behavior. Their findings, analysis and results showed that advertisements had a positive effect on brand perception and consumer purchase behavior, particularly in teenage consumers (Iqbal et al, 2013). Similarly Mel et al (cited by Malik et al 2014) argues that over time, advertisement plays a major role in influencing the consumer such that they become less price sensitive. In the same vein, Ackerbergm (cited by Malik et al, 2014) also argues that advertising is a great source of product learning for consumers. However image advertising and prestige advertising appears to have less significance in creating or instigating a learning process about the product (Malik et al, 2014). In other words, advertisements have a more positive effect on consumer purchase behavior if the advertisement includes informational content (Malik et al , 2014). Added to this is the fact that, it has been discovered that the more interactive an advertisement is the more it captivates the attention of the consumer and the more impact it actually has on consumer decision (Iqbal et al, 2013). In comparison to online advertisements, the general consensus amongst scholars about traditional methods of advertisements appears to be that there is some positive impact on consumer purchase behavior ranging from product learning, to a decrease in price sensitivity and an increase in actual purchases (Kumar and Raju, 2013). This paper argues that perhaps this is due to the fact that producers or marketing managers have more control over traditional methods of advertisements. Wheresas with online advertisements, consumers are able to ignore the advertisements, pro-actively initiate the product learning process themselves thus controlling what they learn about the product which could be positive or negative. Conclusion This paper focused on the impact of advertisements (with a focus on online advertisements) on consumer purchase decisions. The strong and weak theories of advertisement were examined in order to determine the way in which advertisements work. Furthermore, some key elements of online advertising such as word of mouth by way of online reviews on social media platforms were examined in detail as well as their impact on consumer purchase decision. Finally online advertisements in general and how they influence consumer purchase decision was also examined. From the aforementioned examination and analysis, it can be concluded that online advertisements in whatever form can have either a positive or negative impact on consumer purchase decisions. Marketing managers appear to have very little influence on how the advertisements will impact consumer purchase behavior. Thus making the results inconsistent. Perhaps this is because the internet is such a fast-paced and volatile environment. In sharp contrast, it was discovered that traditional methods of advertisements have consistent (across various studies) positive impact on consumer purchase behavior. It can also be concluded that of all the forms of online advertisement, online reviews are perhaps the most volatile and prone to resulting in a negative impact on purchase decisions. Nevertheless, it is also quite likely to bring on the most amount of sales within a short period of time. It was discovered that consumers find some online adverts annoying which also influences their decision to allow the engagement of their attention and consequently their money in making the final purchase. In addition, it was also found that there are positive correlations between online adverts and consumer purchase behavior in that the online adverts triggers the customers interest in a product and eventually leads to a purchase. References Afzal, S. and Rabbani Khan, J. (2015). Impact of Online and Conventional Advertisements on Consumer Buying Behaviour of Branded Garments. Asian Journal of Management Sciences and Education, 4(1), pp.126 135. Bakshi, G. and Gupta, S. (2013). Online Advertising and Its Impact on Consumer Buying Behaviour. International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing, 3(1), pp.21-30. Bray, J. (2008). Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models. 1st ed. [eBook] Available at: https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10107/ Darban, A. and Li, W. (2012). The Impact of Online Social Networks on Consumer Purchasing Decision. Masters. Jonkoping University. Doyle, P. and Stern, P. (2006). Marketing management and strategy. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education. Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2013). Principles and Practice of Marketing. 7th ed. Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education. Kumar, D Raju, V. (2013). The Role of Advertising in Consumer Decision Making. IOSR Journal of Busines s and Management, 14(4), pp.37-45. Li, H. and Leckenby, J. (2004). Internet Advertising Formats and Effectiveness. 1st ed. [eBook] Available at: https://brosephstalin.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/ad_format_print.pdf Malik, M., Ghafoor, M. and Iqbal, H. (2014). The Impact of Advertisement and Consumer Perception on Consumer Buying Behaviour. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(2), pp.55-64. Iqbal.H., Malik, M., Ghafoor, M., Ali, Q., Hunbal, H., Noman, M. and Ahmad, B. (2013). Impact of Brand Image and Advertisements on Consumer Buying Behaviour. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(1), pp.117 122. Morrison, K. (2014). Social Media Has Changed How Consumers Shop Online [Infographic]. [Online] Adweek.com. Available at: https://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/social-media-changed-consumers-shop-online-infographic/209738 Murphy, M. (2015). Understanding consumers: How the Internet has affected purchasing habits. [Online] Blog.rdpr.co.uk. Available at: https: //blog.rdpr.co.uk/how-has-the-internet-affected-purchasing-habits Priyanka, S. (2012). A study on the impact of online advertising on consumer behaviour (with special reference to emails). International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences, [Online] 3(4). Available at: https://scienceandnature.org/IJEMS-Vol3 (4)-Oct2012/IJEMS_V3(4)10.pdf Ribeaux, P. and Poppleton, S. (1978). Psychology and work. London: Macmillan. Richarme, M. (2007). Consumer Decision Making Models Article [Online] Decisionanalyst.com. Available at: https://www.decisionanalyst.com/publ_art/decisionmaking.dai Schiffman, L. and Kanuk, L. (2007). Consumer Behaviour. 9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Senecal, S. and Nantel, J. (2004). The influence of online product recommendations on consumers online choices. Journal of Retailing, 80(2), pp.159-169. Sheth, J., Newman, B. and Gross, B. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Business Research, 22(2), pp.15 9-170. Solomon, M. and Bamossy, G. (2006). Consumer behaviour. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall.

The Theory Of Human Rights - 1582 Words

While the concept of human rights was not first developed during the Enlightenment period it made great advances during this time due to the change in thinking that took place. According to Kocchar online, â€Å"The thinkers of the Enlightenment believed that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, determine the natural rights of humankind, and thereby achieve continuous progress in human knowledge, technology, and society.† (Lesson I) This description of the change in thought is key to the development of human rights during the Enlightenment. However, the application of science based reasoning had both positive and negative consequences in this development. While there were positive changes such as the abolition of torture and slavery, reform of the penal code and an increasingly universalistic application of human rights there was also the rise of biological based exclusion theory and a rise in ethnic nationalism which were purported by â€Å"scienti fic† theories developed during this time period. First and foremost, prior to the Enlightenment period there were many laws governing how people should act towards one another. Going as far back as Egypt in 3100 BCE there was a code of conduct written by Menes, the first Pharaoh. Similarly, in the years that followed, there was the code of Hammurabi in ancient Babylon, the Judaic text of the Torah, and the Charter of Freedom of Mankind by the Persian Emperor Cyrus the Great. 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Gump and Co. Chapter 3 Free Essays

Chapter 3 Anyhow, I gone on back to Mrs. Curran’s that night an phoned up Slim at his motel to say I ain’t gonna be placin no more encyclopedias in people’s homes. â€Å"Well, Gump, so this is how you repay me for all my kindness!† he says. We will write a custom essay sample on Gump and Co. Chapter 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Stabbed in the back! I should of known better.† An he concludes with a bunch of other shit that ain’t any nicer, after which, he hung up in my face. At least I got that over with. Little Forrest is of course long asleep in the bedroom time I get through with all that, an Mrs. Curran ast me what is goin on? I tole her I am quittin the encyclopedia bidness to go up to Atlanta an help Alfred make his new CokeCola, an that I figger I got to do this, account of it is a lot of money involved an we need to fix up little Forrest with some backup income. She agrees with me, cept she say she thinks I oughta have a conversation with little Forrest fore I go, an explain to him about exactly who I am, since his mama an daddy are dead now. I ast her don’t she think she’d be better off explainin all that, but she say no. â€Å"There comes a time, Forrest, when I believe a person has got to take the responsibility on himself, and that time is now. Might not be easy, but you gotta do it. And you gotta do it right, because it is gonna make a lastin impression on him.† In this, I know Mrs. Curran is correct, but it is not somethin I look forward to. Next mornin I get up bright an early, an Mrs. Curran made me some cereal an helped me get my bag packed. Alfred says he is gonna pick me up at nine A.M. sharp, an so I have got to deal with little Forrest right about now. When he gets finished eatin his breakfast, I call him out on the porch. â€Å"I have got to be gone for a while,† I says, â€Å"an there is some things you better know before I go.† â€Å"What is that?† he ast. â€Å"Well, for one thing, I don’t know how long I’m gonna be gone, an I want you to be real nice to Mrs. Curran while I’m away.† â€Å"She’s my grandma; I’m always nice to her,† little Forrest says. â€Å"An I want you to do real good in school, an don’t get into no kind trouble, okay?† A kind of frown come over his face, an he look at me sort of funny. â€Å"Say, you ain’t my daddy. Why you tellin me all this?† â€Å"I guess that’s what I want to talk to you about,† I says. â€Å"You see, I am your daddy.† â€Å"No you’re not!† he hollers. â€Å"My daddy’s sick back home. He’s comin to get me just as soon as he gets well.† â€Å"That’s somethin else I got to tell you,† I says. â€Å"Your daddy ain’t gonna get well, Forrest. He’s with your mama now, you see?† â€Å"He is not!† Forrest says. â€Å"Grandma says he’s comin to get me pretty soon! Any day now.† â€Å"Well, your grandma’s wrong,† I says. â€Å"You see, he done took sick like your mama, an he didn’t get well, an so I am gonna have to take care of you now.† â€Å"You! – That’s not so! My daddy is comin!† â€Å"Forrest,† I says. â€Å"You got to listen to me, now. I didn’t want to have to tell you this, but I got to. You see, I’m your real daddy. Your mama tole me that a long time ago. But you was livin with them, an I was just – well, like a bum or somethin, an it was better that you stayed with them. But see, they gone now, an ain’t nobody but me to take care of you.† â€Å"You’re a liar!† he says, an begun to beat on me with his little fists, an then he begun to cry. I knew he was gonna, an it was the first time I seen him do it, but I figger it is good for him now – although I still don’t think he understands. I would rather be doin anythin but this. â€Å"Forrest is tellin you the truth, son.† Mrs. Curran had been standin in the doorway durin all this. She come out on the porch an pick the little boy up an set him in her lap. â€Å"I didn’t want to have to tell you this myself,† she says, â€Å"so I got Forrest to do it for me. I should have tole you, but I just couldn’t.† â€Å"It’s not so. It’s not so!† he shouts, an begun to kick an cry. â€Å"You’re liars. You’re both liars!† About this time a big ole black limousine pull up in front of the house an Alfred get out an motion for me to come on an get inside. I can see Mrs. Hopewell’s face grinnin out the backseat winder. An so I took my bag an went on down the sidewalk to the car, an behind me, all I could hear was little Forrest screamin, â€Å"Liar, liar, liar!† If this is what Mrs. Curran meant when she says tellin little Forrest the truth will make a â€Å"lastin impression,† I sure do hope she is wrong. Anyhow, we went on up to Atlanta, an the whole time Mrs. Hopewell is puttin her hands on my leg an stuff like that, an ole Alfred, he is pourin over papers an books an talkin to hissef a lot. When we arrive at the CokeCola headquarters buildin, they is a big ole mob of people there to welcome us, an when I come in everbody be pumpin my hand an clappin me on the back. They led me down a long hall to a door marked Experimental Research Lab, Top Secret, Keep Out! When we gone inside, I like to fainted! They has set up a whole kitchen exactly like Mrs. Hopewell’s, right down to the half-empty glasses where I had drunk the CokeCola. â€Å"Everthing is right here, Gump, just like you left it back at Mobile,† Alfred says. â€Å"Now, what we want you to do is just what you did when you fixed that CokeCola. Trace every step you took, and think real hard, because the fate of this whole company might be riding on it!† To me, it seems a sort of unfair burden to shoulder. After all, I ain’t done anythin but try to fix me somethin to drink. Anyhow, they put me in a big ole white smock, like Dr. Kildare or somethin, an I begun the experiment. First I take a can of the â€Å"new CokeCola† an put it in a glass with some ice cubes. I tasted it, just like I done at Mrs. Hopewell’s, an it still taste like shit or whatever. So I gone into the pantry, where all the stuff is on the shelves. Truth is, I can’t remember exactly what I put in the CokeCola that might of improved it. But I went on anyhow an started mixin the shit up. All the time, four or five fellers be follerin me around, takin notes whenever I do somethin. First I took a pinch of cloves an a dab of cream of tartar. Next I put in some root beer extract an meat tenderizer an popcorn cheese seasoning an added some blackstrap molasses an crab boil. After that I done opened a can of chili con carne an skimmed the little orange fat that floats around the top an put that in, too. An then I added a little bakin soda, for good measure. Finally, I stirred the whole thing up with my finger, just like I done at Mrs. Hopewell’s, an I took a big ole swig of it. Everbody be holdin their breaths an watchin me with they eyes all bugged out. I swished the stuff around in my mouth for a second, then said the only thing that come to mind, which was â€Å"Ugggh!† â€Å"What’s wrong?† one of the fellers ast. â€Å"Can’t you see he don’t like it?† says another. â€Å"Say, let me taste that,† Alfred says. He takes a drink an spits it out on the floor. â€Å"Christ! This shit is worse than the stuff we made!† â€Å"Mr. Hopewell,† one of the fellers says, â€Å"you spit that out on the floor. Gump spit his in the sink. We’re losin control of the experiment.† â€Å"Yeah, well, all right,† Alfred says, an he got down on the floor an wiped up the Coke with his handkerchief. â€Å"But that don’t seem too important to me, where he spit it. Main thing is, Gump, we gotta get back to work.† So that’s what we did. All that day an most of the night. I got so confused at one point I accidentally poured half a saltcellar in the CokeCola instead of garlic powder, which I thought might take some of the edge off the turpentine taste. When I drank it down, it made me half crazy for a while, like they say happens to people in lifeboats that drink seawater. Finally Alfred says, â€Å"Okay, I guess that’s enough for today. But we gotta get back at this bright an early tomorrow mornin. Right, Gump?† â€Å"I reckon so,† I says, but I am figgerin we might be up against a hopeless cause. All that next day an the next weeks an the next months that gone by, I done tried to fix the CokeCola. Didn’t work. I put in cayenne pepper an Spanish saffron an vanilla extract. I used cumin an food colorin an allspice an even MSG. The fellers follerin me aroun had gone through about five hundrit notebooks by now, an everbody was gettin on everbody else’s nerves. Meantime, at night I would go back to the big ole hotel suite where we was all stayin, an sure enough, there would be Mrs. Hopewell, loungin aroun in next to nothin. Couple of times she ast for a back rub an I give it to her, but when she ast for a front rub, that’s where I drawed the line. I am beginnin to believe this whole thing is a bunch of crap. They feed me an give me a place to stay, but I ain’t seen no money yet, an that’s why I am here, on account of I gotta take care of little Forrest. One night lyin in bed, I am wonderin what I’m gonna do, an start thinkin about Jenny an some of the good ole times, an all of a sudden, I see her face in front of me, just like I did at the cemetery that day. â€Å"Well, you big bozo,† she says. â€Å"Can’t you figger this one out for yourself?† â€Å"What you mean?† I ast. â€Å"You ain’t never gonna be able to make that stuff taste right. Whatever you did the first time was just a fluke or something.† â€Å"Well, what I’m gonna do, then?† I says. â€Å"Quit! Leave! Go find yourself a real job, before you spend the rest of your life trying to do what’s impossible!† â€Å"Well, how?† I ast. â€Å"I mean, these people are countin on me. They says I am their only hope to save the CokeCola Company from rack an ruin.† â€Å"Screw em, Forrest. They don’t care anything about you. They’re just trying to save their jobs, and using you as a fool.† â€Å"Yeah, well, thanks,† I says. â€Å"I guess you’re right. You usually were.† An then she is gone, an I am alone again. Next mornin I am up at the crack of dawn when Alfred come an got me. When we got in to the experiment kitchen, I gone through the motions of makin the CokeCola good again. Bout halfway through the day, I done mixed up a batch of some shit, but this time, when I drunk it down, instead of sayin â€Å"Uggh!† an spittin it out, I done grinned an says â€Å"Ahhhh!† an drunk down some more. â€Å"What’s that?† one of the fellers shouts. â€Å"He likes it?† â€Å"I reckon I got it,† I says. â€Å"Praise the Lord!† hollers Alfred, an slaps himself in the forehead. â€Å"Gimme that,† says one of the other fellers. He takes a sip an sort of rolls it around in his mouth. â€Å"Say, that ain’t half bad!† he says. â€Å"Let me taste it,† Alfred says. He takes a swallow an gets a really funny look on his face, like he is goin through an unusual experience. â€Å"Ahhhh!† Alfred says. â€Å"It is wonderful!† â€Å"Let me have some, too,† another feller asts. â€Å"No, no, damnit!† Alfred says. â€Å"We gotta save this shit for chemical analysis. What’s in this glass is worth billions! Do you hear me, billions!† He rushes out an calls in two armed guards an says for them to take the CokeCola glass to the vault an to guard it with their lives. â€Å"Gump, you have done it!† Alfred shouts, an begun poundin hissef on the knee with his fist an get so red in the face he looks like a beet. Them other fellers is holdin hands an jumpin up an down, an hollerin, too. Pretty soon the door to the experimental kitchen bust open, an there is a tall, gray-haired man standin there, lookin very distinguished in a dark blue suit. â€Å"What is all this?† he ast. â€Å"Sir, we have performed a miracle!† Alfred cries. â€Å"Gump, this is the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of CokeCola – go shake his hand.† â€Å"What is the miracle?† the feller ast. â€Å"Gump here has made the New Coke taste good!† says Alfred. â€Å"Yeah? How you do that?† he ast. â€Å"I dunno,† I says. â€Å"Just lucky I guess.† Anyhow, a few days later, the CokeCola Company has arranged for a big preview tastin party to be held at their headquarters at Atlanta, an have invited about five thousan people consistin of press, politicians, socialites, stockholders, an other elite folks – even includin about five hundrit grade-school kids from around the city. Outside, big spotlights crisscross in the sky, an them what wadn’t invited were standin behind ropes wavin at them what was. Most everbody wearin tuxedos an ball gowns, an they is all millin aroun an makin small talk when suddenly a curtin on the stage is pulled back, an me an Alfred an Mrs. Hopewell an the president of CokeCola are standin there. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen,† says the president, â€Å"I have a momentous announcement to make.† Everbody get real quiet an be lookin straight at us. â€Å"The CokeCola Company is proud to announce a new product that is gonna revitalize our bidness. As you know, CokeCola has been around for more than seventy years, an we have not once changed our original formula, because we figgered everbody liked CokeCola. But that is not the way of the nineteen-eighties. Everbody got to change sometime. General Motors changes about every three or four years. So does politicians. People change clothes once or twice a year†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At this last remark, there is some low mumblin from the audience. â€Å"What I meant was,† the president goes on, â€Å"that clothes designers change their product with great regularity – and just look at the money they make!† He lets this sink in for a moment an then proceeds: â€Å"And so we here at CokeCola have decided to throw away our time-honored formula for CokeCola and try somethin different. ‘New Coke’ is what it is called, and we have to thank for this a brilliant young scientist, Forrest Gump, who has invented this amazing product! Now, right at your tables, our staff is passing out bottles and cans of New Coke for your enjoyment, but first, I think a few words from its inventor are appropriate. Ladies and gentlemen, I give you Forrest Gump!† He leads me to the speaker’s stand, an I am dumbfounded. I am so scared, what I am thinking is, I got to pee, but I ain’t gonna say it this time. Nope. So I just says, â€Å"I hope it is good,† an stepped back away from the microphone. â€Å"Wonderful,† the president shouts when the applause dies down. â€Å"And now, let the tasting begin!† All over the auditorium you can hear the sounds of cans poppin an bottles bein opened, an then you can see the people drinkin the new CokeCola. At first there is some ooohs and ahhs, an a few people be lookin at each other an noddin their heads. But then there come a cry from one of the little kids they has invited, says, â€Å"Ugggh! This shit is awful!† an spits it out. Then the other kids start doin the same thing, an in no time, seemed like everbody be spittin the New Coke on the floor an gaggin an cussin. Some people even spit it on other people, an this began to cause a disturbance out in the audience, an all of a sudden seems like a fight or somethin break out. Pretty soon, the people be thowin the cans an bottles of New Coke at us an at each other, too, an you can see all sorts of fists flyin an kickin an gougin, an tables turned over an all. Some of the ladies’ dresses be ripped off, an they gone screamin out into the night. Cameras be flashin an the TV people is tryin to capture it all on film. Me an the president an Alfred an Mrs. Hopewell are just standin on the stage, dodgin the bottles an cans, an we are sort of dumbstruck. Somebody shouts, â€Å"Call the police!† But I am lookin out at the crowd, an the police seem to be in the middle of everthin themselfs. After a little bit, the whole thing spills out onto the street, an we hear a lot of sirens an so on. The president an me an Alfred an Mrs. Hopewell try to make our way out, but we get caught up in the thing, too, an it ain’t long fore Mrs. Hopewell’s dress is ripped off. We is covered with Coke an shit, an also with stuff from cupcakes an Moon Pies, which the CokeCola Company has thoughtfully handed out with the New Coke. Somebody shouts that the mayor of Atlanta has declared â€Å"a state of emergency,† on account of there is a riot, an afore it is all over, they has busted out all the winders on Peachtree Street an looted most of the stores, an a few people is now settin fire to the buildins. We is all standin under the awnin outside the CokeCola headquarters when somebody recognize me, shouts, â€Å"There he is!† an before I know it, about a thousan people commenced chasin me, includin the president of CokeCola an Alfred an even Mrs. Hopewell, who is only wearin her underpants! This ain’t somethin I got to think about long! I start runnin fast as I can, across the Interstate an up hills an side roads, rocks an bottles landin all around me. Shit, seems like I been here before. Anyhow, I outrunned the mob, cause that is my specialty, but let me say this: It was scary! Pretty soon, I found mysef on a ole two-lane highway leadin I knew not where, but along come a pair of headlights an I stuck out my thumb. The headlights stopped, an lo an behole, it was a pickup truck. I ast the driver where he was headed, an he say, â€Å"North, to West Virginia,† but that if I want a ride, I gotta ride in the back, account of he’s got a passenger in the front. I look over at the passenger, an damn if it weren’t a great big ole sow pig, must of weighed four hundrit pounds, settin there gruntin an pantin. â€Å"This is a registered Poland China swine,† the feller say. â€Å"Name’s Gurtrude. Gonna make me rich one day, so she gotta ride in the cab. But you can bunk out in the back, there. Them other hogs is just common swine. Might root you around a little, but they don’t mean no harm.† Anyhow, I got on the truck an away we went. They was about a dozen of them pigs in there with me, oinkin an squeelin an gruntin an all, but after a while they settled down an give me some livin space. Pretty soon it begun to rain. What I am thinkin is, I have had my ups an downs. About sunup that next mornin the pickup done pull up at a truck stop, an the driver gets out an comes around to the back. â€Å"Say,† he says, â€Å"you sleep okay?† â€Å"Pretty good,† I answer. At this point I am lyin under a hog that is twice as big as me, but at least it kept me warm. â€Å"Let’s go in an get a cup of coffee an somethin to eat,† he says. â€Å"By the way, my name’s McGivver.† Outside the restaurant is a newspaper box with a copy of The Atlanta Constitution, headline says: Moron Would-Be Inventor Causes Riot in City The story reads somethin like this: A sometime Alabama encyclopedia salesman who professed knowledge of a new formula for the CokeCola Company caused one of the most violent riots in Atlanta’s history yesterday when his scam was uncovered before several thousand of this city’s most prominent citizens. The incident broke out at about 7 P.M. when Forrest Gump, an itinerant tinkerer and peddler of phony reference books, was introduced by the president of the CokeCola Company as having conceived a new brand of the nation’s favorite soft drink. Witnesses said that when the new concoction was served to the audience for the first time, it induced a violent reaction in all present, which included the mayor and his wife, as well as various council members and their spouses and corporate chairpeople of all descriptions. Police called to the scene described the melee as â€Å"uncontrollable† and told of horrible depredations inflicted on Atlanta’s most fashionable citizens, including the ripping off of women’s gowns and dresses and fighting and throwing objects of all descriptions. At some point, the affair spilled out into the streets and turned into a riot, causing extensive damage in the chic downtown area. One source prominent in Atlanta’s high society who wished to be unnamed said: â€Å"It was the wust thing I ever seen since Lester Maddox begun handin out them axe handles at his restaurant back in sixty-four.† Little is known of the perpetrator, Mr. Gump, who witnesses said fled the scene shortly after the brouhaha started. Sources said that Gump, thought to be in his early forties, was once a football player at the University of Alabama. An assistant football coach at Georgia Tech who wished to remain anonymous recalled that â€Å"Yeah, I remember that Gump feller. Wadn’t too smart, but the sombitch sure could run.† Police have put out an all-points bulletin for Gump, and the CokeCola Company, headquartered here, has offered a $1 million reward for his capture, dead or alive†¦ Anyhow, I kind of hid the newspaper an we went on into the restaurant an set down, an Mister McGivver begun tellin me about his farmin operation in West Virginia. â€Å"It ain’t too big right now,† he says, â€Å"but someday, I’m gonna be the greatest hog raiser in the world.† â€Å"Yeah?† I says. â€Å"That’s nice.† â€Å"Nice – shit on nice, Gump. It’s a dirty, low-down, smelly business, but there’s money in it. ‘Bring home the bacon’ and all that crap. You just gotta be flexible. The hogs don’t take a whole lot of work, but there are other problems to contend with.† â€Å"Such as what?† I ast. â€Å"Well, for one thing, the people in Coalville, the little town where my farm is, they all the time complainin about the smell. Now, I admit that hogs smell, but the hell with that, Gump. Business is business. I got a thousand hogs and all they do is eat and shit all day. Of course it’s gonna smell. I got used to it, why can’t they?† Anyhow, he goes on for a while about the hog bidness, an then he ast me about mysef. â€Å"Say,† he says, â€Å"was you involved in that disturbance in Atlanta last night? It looked like some kind of riot was goin on.† â€Å"Well, not exactly,† I says, which I guess was sort of a lie, but I just didn’t want to get into all that right now. â€Å"Where you headed?† Mister McGivver ast. â€Å"I dunno,† I said. â€Å"I gotta go someplace an get me a job.† â€Å"What line of work are you in, Gump?† he says. â€Å"Oh,† I says, â€Å"I guess you could say I done a lot of things. Right now I just gotta get back on my feet.† â€Å"Well, why don’t you come work for me awhile? There’s a lot to do around the farm.† So that’s what I did. How to cite Gump and Co. Chapter 3, Essay examples

Marketing Consumer Behavior Prominent Challenge

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Consumer Behavior for Prominent Challenge. Answer: Introduction Social Marketing issues have become a prominent challenge in case of the successful business practice in the global aspect. Focusing on the market of New Zealand it has been found that the Harvey Norman Wairau Park electronic store is associated with the highlighting the product iPhone 7 of Apple brand in the market. In this article, the major aim is associated with the identification of the social marketing issues that mainly associated with highlighting the market versus the consumer behavior issues. On significant part of it is associated with the service towards the consumers and the channel issues that control the consumer involvement. In this case, the observational study has been found to represent the involvement of the particular market segment with the product. Depending on that consumer behavioral perspective have been addressed by the managers to improve the consumers and brand social interaction. The article has also suggested some recommendations for the improvement. Discussion Observational Study The observation has been conducted in the area of the Wairau Valley, Auckland in the Cortfield Lane to develop the consumer behavioral perspective to generate the behavioral aspects of the consumers towards the Smartphone consumption regarding the iphone7 highlighting the electronic store of Harvey Norman Wairau Park. The aim of the study is associated with the identification of management of electronic store as well as the brand in the context of New Zealand. The observation took place for around 30 minutes in 4 stores of the Harvey Norman Wairau Park during the hours 11am-1pm. The observed data has been placed below- Cornfield Road 72 Highfield Street 58 Wyndham Street 62 Queen Street 70 The consumers are observed with the visual appearance and the interaction with the brand and the product in the electronic store. It has been found that about 28% of the consumers did not pay attention towards the brand. About 52% of the respondents get involved with the product and showed interest with towards the brand and electronic store for that purpose. Among that 52% only 34% of the consumers get fully involved and purchase the product. 205 of the consumers showed their interested towards the electronic store for the purpose of the iPhone7. In this regard it has been found that the major age group that showed interest towards the brand is between the age group of 18-30 years of age. The age above 45 did not provide much attention towards it. Rest of the consumers from the age group between 35-45 years of age showed some interest towards the product. One significant thing that has been observed during the observation period is that the consumer service is very poor. It has been observed in case of two stores out of four. Miscomprehension has been found towards the consumers regarding engage with the electronic store and the new Apple brand product. Another important extent of the consumer behavior that associated with it is the psychological core that guide the consumers towards the engagement with the brand is associated with the learning through the involvement and perceived value towards the brand. The perception is associated with the intensity, contrast, movement, surprise, size and involvement. Consumer Behavior Concept with the Managerial Behavioral Criteria It is the duty of the manager to maintain the proper communication with the consumers depending on the consumer behavior concept that associated with the psychological factors, personal factors, and social factors. It is associated with the determination of the segment that need the proper attention by the managers and the business organizations to draw the attention of the consumers. In this regard it is essential to consider the black-box model and personal-variable model. In case of the electronic shop it is necessary to focus on the internal factors regarding the personal opinions, belief system, traditions and motivators to guide the consumers towards the brand the store is showing, Marketing messages and the availability of the product attracts the consumers more. Considering the buying process the managers are required to recognize the pattern of the buying behavior that includes problem recognition, searching the information, evaluation of the alternatives and the post-purcha se behavior of the consumers. The managers of the brand and the store manager who are interacting with the consumers of the brand are associated with the safety needs and esteem needs highlighting the consequences of Maslows Hierarchy Needs. In case of the electronic store it is essential for the managers to consider the PESTLE analysis of the existing business operation market. It highlights the effect of the political, economical, social and technological impact on the consumers of the New Zealand. In this regard it has been found that the impact of this parameters are very much prominent among the consumers and depending on that the segments of the consumers that are associated with consideration of the common needs, interest and priorities. Depending on that new market session it is associated with the managerial view to design and implementation of the strategies to attract the market segments that are mainly associated with the age group priority that mainly concerned towards the technological gadgets and the segment mainly range between the age 18-30 years. The next concern among the managers of the stores and the brand is associated with proper placing of the product towards the target market segment. It is assoc iated with the advertisement process to occupies the mind of the target market segment. In this case it is also associated with the business operational objectives that provide the edge over the other brands. It is necessary to consider the extent of the marketing mix application in the business policies in case of brand and the store that are associated with the selling of the brand products. The manager need to understand the mind of the consumers and the needs that continually associated with changing over time for the development of the proper market image. In this regard the most essential part is associated with the 4P of marketing. Price is associated with quality of the product. Considering the case of iPhnone 7 in this regard it has been found that the consumers are concerned about the high price of the product thus only a particular segment of the market that can afford the price are associated with the product and visit the store. Focusing on the product it has been found that the quality of the product is associated with the creation of the brand image among the consumers. In this regard it has become important that the consumer segment that are concerned about the quality of the product will attract towards the store to buy the product of the brand. The managers need to maintain good relationship with the consumer base. On the other hand, the major selling activity is associated with the promotion of the product in front of the target market. The application of digital marketing has enabled the brand and the store to attract the large portion of the consumers over the social media to get visit in the store to interact with the brand and purchase it. Place is an also important factor in this case, it is required to place the product towards the market segment that are concerned about the product. Moreover, it has been found that the perception, attitude, personality and social influence contributes towards the decision making of the consumers to control the extent of the purchase decision in the target market. Thus, in case of Smartphone consumption the behavioral changes with age of the target market. Recommendation as per the Research Findings Development of Brand Image Brand image is highly effective factor that influence to develop buying behaviour in the customers. Good image should be maintained by the authority of Apple to exhibit their goodness in front of the customers to achieve their faith towards the brand. The Reputation of a brand grows by their customer satisfaction level in which the customers convey the effectiveness and usefulness of the previous products of the brand that they have used earlier. It is beneficial for the organisation to retain as well as develop buying behaviour of a customer. Due to lack of satisfaction customer shifts their brand to obtain satisfaction as per their expectation. Therefore, Apple needs to accomplish a proper, honest deal with the customers that can make them loyal towards the brand and provide the brand a sustainable business to maintain the position in the competitive market of the global as well as domestic field. Moreover, the traditional brand image has a great marketing value that should be carr ied by Apple to attract those buyers who believe in the traditional name of brand for the business of new launched product iPhone 7. Serve the Customers as per their Expectation Identification of the customers need is a very important factor for a profitable organisation to serve them to earn huge profit. In the competitive market, there are similar kind of products and services offered by different brands. However, iPhone 7 by Apple differs from their characteristics and facilities that are manufactured by the understanding of the requirement of the customers. These kinds of products are consumed in a huge amount because of its facilities and effectiveness that are perceived by the customers during their purchasing period. Comparison among the existing service or the product should be done by an organisation to recognise the actual need of the customer that are lacking in the service or the product of the particular organisation. Provision of such facilities in the Apple iPhone 7 enhance the customer to shift their buying behaviour from one brand to other that can give them an advantage of the organisation to get the customers by modifying their own standar d and style of business. Updated Promotion Strategy Promotion of a product or service has a huge impact in the market that influence the customers through audio or visual or both ways to develop their buying behaviour. Depending on the target market the organisation should develop promotional strategies to attract the specific mass of customers to buy their products or services. In case of teenagers the organisation can promote their products or service through sports channels or provide it on hoarding beside some college or school showing the facilities. Moreover, they can arrange an event for the teenagers to exhibit them the facilities of iPhone 7. In case of middle aged and working people social media, television and hoarding are the best option for promotion. Moreover, the theme of promotion needs to be very much contemporary that can generate attraction to shift towards the new brand from their regular one. Finally the traditional exhibition of the product or service can be done for the aged customer group because they like to c arry their generation all the time. Hence, promotional strategy should be performed by Apple in a very effective way to develop the buying behaviour of the customers for their ultimate profit. CSR Activity Corporate Social Responsibility is an innovative strategy by which Apple can attract a mass of customers towards them from some other brand. Welfare activities are always appreciated by all the customers, therefore if an organisation performs some social welfare the customers naturally attracted by the performance of the organisation and want to be a part of it. Shift of buying behaviour comes with such CSR activity that should be done by the organisation along with their business such as provision of scholarship to the children belongs from below poverty level, plantation to make environment pollution free and quit tobacco campaign to serve for mankind. Such kind of activities will influence customer to buy the product of the brand for their encouragement which is beneficial for the organisation to obtain customer loyalty that develops their buying behaviour. Increasing Consciousness Regarding the Price and Quality Quality and price of a product is very important for customers buying behaviour development. The organisation should understand the socioeconomic condition of a place where they are supposed to perform their business activity to earn profit. This identification helps to understand the affordability of the customers and their requirement of service or product. Moreover, customers have a tendency to buy a product or service after comparison of the price and quality of the merchandise or the service with the existing one in the market. In case of apple i phone 7 the attentiveness of the organisation towards their product or service price and quality help to achieve benefits in the market. Therefore, strategy of price fixation of Apple iPhone 7 should be very much tricky to provide the customer quality at a reasonable price with the comparison of other brand. Deal with Customers by Adopting their Culture Culture plays an important role to develop buying behaviour of the customers. The consumer of apple i phone 7 would like to enjoy the facilities of the technology of a foreign company however they would be comfortable to get the service as per their domestic culture. Hence dealing practice of the product and service of Apple should modify as per the culture of the customer to attract them to buy the phone apart from any other brand that are competing in the global market. Moreover, the sellers need to provide comfort to the customers during the transaction period to make them familiar with such brand brought to them from a completely different culture. In case of domestic customer the organisation needs to exhibit the product as per their requirement relating with the cultural dimension of their own that can make the customer attracted to maintain loyalty and shift their choice to the other brand to Apple. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the above discussion it has been found that the observational study arrangement is important to understand the consumer perception and the attitude towards the market and the particular product. In this case, it has been found that frustration and insufficient consumer motivation is associated with lack in the consumer service and the communication channel issues. The perception of the consumers towards the image of the brand is associated with the attitude issues that comprises of the pricing and brand image. Thus, it has been found that the managers are considering the social media interaction aspects to understand the impact of the need of motivational force on the learning and the perception of the consumers that provide the necessary guidance to the managers of the store and brand to focus on the segmentation and positioning the marketing mix. It helps in maintaining the quality and price of the product and proper promotional guidance in the target market. Apart from that it has also indicated in the discussion that political, social and economical parameters are contributing towards the influencing the consumers to change the preferences towards particular brand product. Suggested recommendation in the report is essential for addressing the marketing problem existing in the New Zealand considering the Smartphone consumption. The observational based study is the essential aspect that can help the managers also to develop knowledge regarding the proper business performance. References Barbopoulos, I., Johansson, L. O. (2016). A multi-dimensional approach to consumer motivation: exploring economic, hedonic, and normative consumption goals. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 33(1), 75-84. Briol, P., Rucker, D. D., Petty, R. E. (2015). 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